Resumo: Abstract: Artificial insemination (AI) is a strategic reproductive biotechnology that enhances genetic progress and reproductive efficiency in sheep and goats. Its success, however, is highly dependent on multiple interrelated factors, including animal selection, semen type and handling, insemination technique, and synchronization protocols. While laparoscopic AI remains the gold standard in sheep due to cervical anatomical limitations, transcervical AI has become increasingly effective in goats, especially with the development of specialized tools and field-adapted protocols. The use of cervical mucus evaluation and flexible-time AI (FxTAI) has improved insemination accuracy, allowing better alignment with ovulation resulting in high pregnancy rates. Data from the Brazilian CapraGene® program demonstrate the potential of AI in dairy goat production, with pregnancy rates ranging from 45% to nearly 90%. Despite anatomical and logistical challenges, AI has proven to be a cost-effective and impactful tool for genetic improvement, especially when implemented with precision and physiological understanding. This review highlights the physiological basis, practical considerations, and field-level results of AI in small ruminants, supporting its broader adoption in commercial production systems

Ano de publicação: 2025

Tipo de publicação: Artigo em anais e proceedings

Unidade: Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos

Palavras-chave: Artificial insemination, Goats, Reproduction, Sheep